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            A student’s individual effort and involvement are      ƒ competence demonstration
          critical in developing these activities. Various high-    ƒ diversity experience differing from that which the
          impact practices can be implemented to enhance          student is familiar
          student learning as well as benefit programmatic         ƒ frequent, timely, and constructive feedback
          assessment depending on student characteristics,         ƒ high-level performance standards
          budgets, faculty, and institutional goals.  High-impact     ƒ interactions with peers and faculty
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          practices include 10,11 :                                ƒ opportunities to learn with realistic experiences
               ƒ capstone courses or projects                      ƒ periodic, structured opportunities to reflect and
               ƒ collaborative assignments and projects           integrate learning
               ƒ common intellectual experiences                   ƒ time and effort spent by students
               ƒ diversity and global learning               Through these quality dimensions, programs can create
               ƒ ePortfolios                                 rubrics with levels of intensity to be scored.
               ƒ first-year experiences
               ƒ internships                                 Service Learning
               ƒ learning communities                           Service learning is a high-impact practice that has
               ƒ service learning                            been tested and demonstrated to be beneficial to stu-
               ƒ undergraduate research                      dent learning. 11,15  Students who invest the time will be
               ƒ writing-intensive courses                   challenged by the experiences offered. Documented
          With any of these high-impact practices, there might   student benefits of service-learning experiences include
          be concern about quantifying student learning.     personal growth and development, academic success,
          Educators might question whether high-impact prac-  empathy, and social responsibility. 11,16  Service learning
          tices are worth the investment of resources devoted to   was conceptualized by John Dewey, then transformed
          their development and implementation into the cur-  into an experimental learning model by David Kolb.
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          riculum. In addition, a student’s individual effort and   Hayden and Osborn argued that service learning is
          involvement are critical in developing these activities.    participatory and active.  The American Association
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          Individual effort describes internal motivation whereby   of Colleges and Universities designated service learn-
          the student is driven by internal forces of satisfaction,   ing as 1 of its top 11 high-impact practices.  Service
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          actively working to integrate new material with previ-  learning offers students the opportunity to work
          ous knowledge. Kuh reported examples of institutional   collaboratively to meet a community need, achieve
          success with high-impact practices because students   a course outcome, and discover a deeper understand-
          invested substantial time and energy on educationally   ing of their learning through reflection. For example,
          purposeful tasks by interacting with faculty and peers   Gonzaga University promotes an institutional emphasis
          often, receiving frequent feedback, and having the   on service learning to educate its students holistically
          opportunity to apply newly acquired knowledge and   as part of the core requirements in the College of Arts
          skills.  Students who have participated in high-impact   and Sciences.  In another example, radiation therapy
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          practices also have reported a sense of deep learning   students in Memphis, Tennessee, provided lunch to
          and higher achievement on self-reported outcomes for   residents staying at Harrah’s Hope Lodge and engaged
          competencies. Deep learning involves applying the   in conversations with patients being treated for can-
          material learned from didactic courses to connect with   cer. Harrah’s Hope Lodge, which is sponsored by the
          practical application.                             American Cancer Society, provides housing for patients
            According to Finley, quality dimensions or 8 key   who live more than 50 miles from their oncology center.
          principles are needed to teach students how to learn   Harrah’s Hope Lodge reached out to the members of
          effectively by creating a learner-centered curriculum.    the community for meals. Students improved empathic
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          Kuh and O’Donnell described 8 quality dimensions   communication skills and through self-reflective writ-
          that often result from high-impact practices :     ing, connected the experience with course content.
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          232                                                                                  asrt.org/publications
          Reprinted with permission from the American Society of Radiologic Technologists for educational purposes. ©2022. All rights reserved.
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